{"id":4376,"date":"2017-11-09T14:50:54","date_gmt":"2017-11-09T14:50:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.tonyelumelufoundation.org\/?p=4376"},"modified":"2018-11-16T14:11:34","modified_gmt":"2018-11-16T14:11:34","slug":"%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%ac-%d8%a3%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%b1%d8%a3%d8%b3%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tonyelumelufoundation.org\/ar\/research-publications\/why-africa-needs-capitalism-that-is-aligned-with-its-development-needs","title":{"rendered":"\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627 <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/why-africa-needs-capitalism-that-is-aligned-with-its-development-needs-48776\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>\u0647\u0646\u0627<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/journals.cambridge.org\/action\/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&amp;aid=3239252&amp;fileId=S0021853700027584\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/a>. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0648\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-34405990\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627<\/a>. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/23322373.2015.1026229#.ViDA5H4rK00\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/a>. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0635\u0627\u063a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/news\/21631956-entrepreneurs-will-transform-africa-says-tony-elumelu-chairman-heirs-holdings-and\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0648<\/a>. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201c\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.co.uk\/books?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;id=VbMxhKsa05YC&amp;oi=fnd&amp;pg=PA1&amp;dq=%22Democracy+and+development%22+ake&amp;ots=LaaZfO6yEC&amp;sig=gF1-5ppiSVKluQunAO_dC1LSeCw#v=onepage&amp;q=%22Democracy%20and%20development%22%20ake&amp;f=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/a>. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062b\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0641\u0624\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u062a \u062f\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631<\/strong>: \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1467-8616.1994.tb00077.x\/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c<\/strong>: \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0641. \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/datablog\/2015\/jul\/31\/africa-wealth-report-2015-rich-get-richer-poverty-grows-and-inequality-deepens-new-world-wealth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 2015<\/a>. \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0633\u062f \u2018\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b\u2019 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u063a\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/goodafrican.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u062c\u064a\u062f<\/a>. \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/goodafrican.com\/index.php\/our-story\/50-profits-shared.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">50% \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627<\/a>\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0626\u0627\u0645<\/strong>: \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/amr.aom.org\/content\/20\/4\/874.short\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0644\u062e\u0635\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/a>:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201c... \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629... \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629\u201d.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>4. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621<\/strong>: \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 (\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0633\u0648\u0642) \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0649\u00a0<em>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646<\/em>\u00a0- \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 - \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062b \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0622\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u201c\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tonyelumelufoundation.org\/ar\/africapitalisminstitute\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%a3%d8%b3%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a9\/\">\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629\u201d<\/a>. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tonyelumelufoundation.org\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%86%d8%a7\/\">\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/a>\u00a0\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.tgais.com\/new-african-entrpreneurship-programme\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a<\/a>\u00a0- \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/thedukeofyork.org\/about-the-duke\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0643\u064a \u062c\u064a<\/a>, \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/aliko-dangote\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0648\u062a\u064a<\/a>, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Olusegun-Obasanjo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u063a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0648<\/a>\u00a0- \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0646\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0648\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0640<\/p>","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"cybocfi_hide_featured_image":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4376","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-research-publications"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tonyelumelufoundation.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4376","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tonyelumelufoundation.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tonyelumelufoundation.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tonyelumelufoundation.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/21"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tonyelumelufoundation.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4376"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.tonyelumelufoundation.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4376\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tonyelumelufoundation.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4376"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tonyelumelufoundation.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4376"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tonyelumelufoundation.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4376"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}